Biology+11+Objectives

toc I will add to this list as the units come up. Notifications of updates will be tweeted at []

Taxonomy

 * * autotrophic
 * binomial nomenclature
 * biochemical relationship
 * class
 * dichotomous key
 * domain
 * embryological relationship
 * eukaryotic cell || * evolutionary relationship
 * family
 * genus
 * heterotrophic
 * homologous structure
 * kingdom
 * order
 * photosynthetic || * phylum
 * phylogenetic tree
 * prokaryotic cell
 * species
 * sub-phylum
 * taxon
 * taxonomy ||


 * I can:**
 * list, in order, the 7 major taxonomic categories
 * explain how the following principles are used in taxonomy to classify organisms:
 * evolutionary relationships
 * biochemical relationships
 * homologous structures
 * embryological relationships
 * compare characteristics of a prokaryotic cell with those of a eukaryotic cell
 * describe the unifying characteristics of organisms in each of the kingdoms in the Five-Kingdom System
 * use a dichotomous key to classify organisms
 * given taxonomic information, infer relationships

DNA

 * * complementary base pairing
 * deoxyribonucleic acid
 * double helix
 * nitrogenous base
 * sugar-phosphate backbone || * meiosis
 * sexual reproduction
 * gamete
 * haploid
 * diploid || * crossing-over
 * DNA recombination
 * homologous chromosomes
 * independent assortment
 * genetic variation ||

I can:
 * describe the basic structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with reference to the following terms:
 * double helix
 * sugar-phosphate backbone
 * nitrogenous bases
 * complementary base pairing
 * explain the role of DNA in evolution (this will be come up in the Evolution unit)

Evolution
I can:
 * * adaptation
 * analogous structures
 * convergent evolution
 * divergent evolution
 * evolutionary change
 * gene flow || * genetic drift
 * gradual change model
 * homologous structures
 * mutation
 * natural selection
 * non-random mating || * punctuated equilibrium model
 * reproductive isolation
 * speciation
 * vestigial structures ||
 * describe the five agents of evolutionary change:
 * mutation
 * genetic drift
 * gene flow
 * non-random mating
 * natural selection
 * differentiate among and give examples of:
 * convergent evolution
 * divergent evolution
 * speciation
 * compare the gradual change model with the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution
 * explain the role of DNA in evolution

Viruses

 * * antibody
 * antigen
 * bacteriophage
 * DNA
 * endocytosis
 * host cell
 * latent
 * lymphocyte
 * lysogenic cycle
 * lytic cycle || * membranous envelope
 * mucous membrane
 * nanometre
 * nucleic acid core
 * pathogen
 * phagocytic white blood cell
 * primary line of defence
 * protein capsid
 * replication
 * RNA || * secondary line of defence
 * tertiary line of defence
 * vaccine
 * viral specificity
 * virulent
 * white blood cell ||

I can:
 * identify criteria for classifying organisms as living
 * describe the basic structure of a virus
 * identify the role of the host cell in viral reproduction
 * compare the lytic and lysogenic cycles
 * define and give examples of viral specificity
 * describe the body’s basic lines of defence against a viral attack
 * give examples of ways to reduce the spread of viral diseases

Kingdom Monera
emphasis on bacteria
 * * aerobic respiration
 * antibiotic
 * antiseptic
 * autotrophic
 * bacilli
 * bacteria
 * binary fission
 * chemotrophic
 * classification
 * cocci || * conjugation
 * disinfectant
 * ecological role
 * fermentation
 * flagellum
 * heterotrophic
 * motility
 * mutate/mutation
 * pathogen || * photosynthesis
 * plasmid
 * prokaryote
 * resistant/resistance
 * spirilla ||
 * I can**
 * identify the characteristics that unify monerans
 * use examples to illustrate moneran diversity with respect to:
 * classification
 * shape and grouping of cells
 * motility
 * ecological role
 * nutrition (fermentation, aerobic respiration, photosynthesis)
 * reproduction (binary fission, conjugation)
 * human diseases
 * give examples of the beneficial roles of bacteria
 * explain how bacteria mutate to become resistant to antibiotics

Plants: Algae & Mosses

 * * adaptation
 * alternation of generations
 * antheridium
 * archegonium
 * capsule/sporangium
 * cell wall
 * cellular respiration
 * cellulose
 * chloroplast
 * chlorophyll || * colonial
 * fertilization
 * gamete
 * gametophyte
 * meiosis
 * mitosis
 * muticellular
 * photosynthesis
 * protonema
 * spores || * sporophyte
 * unicellular
 * zygote ||

I can:
 * describe the unifying characteristics of mosses
 * describe features of mosses that have enabled adaptation to a terrestrial environment
 * describe the characteristics that unify green algae
 * describe alternation of generations in:
 * algae
 * mosses

Vascular Plants
I can:
 * * adaptation
 * alternation of generations
 * antheridium
 * archegonium
 * cell wall
 * cellulose
 * chlorophyll
 * chloroplast
 * dicots
 * endospore || * enclosed seeds
 * flowers
 * fruit
 * gamete
 * gametophyte
 * leaves
 * meiosis
 * monocots
 * multicellular
 * phloem || * photosynthesis
 * pollen
 * roots
 * seeds
 * spores
 * sporophyte
 * stems
 * vascular tissue
 * xylem
 * zygote ||
 * describe the features of ferns that have enabled adaptation to a land environment
 * explain how gymnosperms are adapted for survival in a land environment, with respect to
 * roots
 * stems
 * leaves
 * seeds
 * pollen
 * vascular tissue
 * examine gymnosperms and describe the characteristics that unify them
 * examine angiosperms and describe the characteristics that unify them
 * use specimens to differentiate between monocots and dicots
 * describe how angiosperms are adatped for survival in a land environment, with respect to
 * flowers
 * pollen
 * enclosed seeds
 * fruit
 * roots
 * stems
 * leaves
 * vascular tissue
 * compare the ways in which mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms have adapted to a land environment

Kingdom Animalia (General)
I can:
 * * adaptation
 * anterior
 * anus
 * asexual reproduction
 * budding
 * bilateral symmetry
 * cell
 * cephalization
 * closed circulatory system
 * coelom
 * coevolution
 * colonial
 * commensalism
 * cross-section
 * diffusion
 * dorsal
 * feces
 * fluid feeding
 * ectoderm
 * endoderm
 * endoskeleton
 * excretion || * exoskeleton
 * fertilization
 * filter feeding
 * free-living
 * gonad
 * gut
 * heterotrophic
 * hermaphroditic
 * hemoglobin
 * internal transport
 * invertebrates
 * laterally compressed
 * larva (larvae)
 * levels of organization
 * life functions
 * meiosis
 * mesoderm
 * metamorphosis
 * mitosis
 * motility/motile
 * multicellular
 * mutualism || * niche
 * open circulatory system
 * organ
 * organ system
 * ovary
 * parasite/parasitic
 * predator
 * prey
 * radial symmetry
 * regeneration
 * reproduction
 * respiration
 * response
 * sessile
 * sexual
 * stimulus (stimuli)
 * symbiosis
 * symmetry
 * testis (testes)
 * tissue
 * ventral
 * zoology ||
 * compare phyla in terms of
 * levels of organization – cell, tissue, organ, organ system
 * cephalization
 * development of a coelom
 * symmetry
 * reproduction
 * describe the life functions animals need to survive, including
 * feeding
 * respiration
 * internal transport
 * excretion
 * reproduction
 * response
 * motility
 * compare the advantages and disadvantages of different ways animals carry out their life functions. For example:
 * filter feeding vs. fluid feeding
 * parasitic vs. free-living
 * asexual vs. sexual reproduction
 * sessile vs. motile

Porifera & Cnidaria
I can:
 * * alternation of generations
 * amoebocyte
 * calcium carbonate
 * circular muscles
 * cnidocyte
 * collar cell (choanocyte) || * flagella
 * gastrovascular cavity
 * longitudinal muscles
 * medusa
 * mesoglea
 * nematocyst || * polyp
 * sessile
 * silica
 * spicule
 * tentacle ||
 * examine members of the Phylum Porifera and identify their unifying characteristics
 * classify organisms as members of Phylum Porifera and Phylum Cnidaria
 * coral, hydra, jellyfish, Portuguese man-o-war, sea anemones, sponges
 * describe how poriferans carry out their life functions
 * examine members of the Phylum Cnidaria and identify their unifying characteristics
 * describe how cnidarians carry out their life functions
 * compare polyp and medusa with respect to structure, general function, and motility
 * suggest the advantages of a motile form in the life cycle of a cnidarian
 * explain the evolutionary significance of colonial (poriferan) versus multicellular (cnidarian) lifeforms
 * describe the ecological roles of sponges and cnidarians

Worms
I can:
 * * alimentary canal
 * aortic arches
 * blood
 * capillary
 * clitellum
 * cloaca
 * coelom
 * cocoon
 * cross-fertilization
 * dorsoventrally compressed || * external parasite
 * fecal contamination
 * flame cell
 * ganglion (ganglia)
 * gizzard
 * intermediate host
 * internal parasite
 * nephridium (nephridia)
 * parapodia
 * peristalsis || * pharynx
 * primary host
 * proglottid
 * scolex
 * segmentation
 * self-fertilization
 * seminal vesicles
 * septum
 * setae
 * tegument/cuticle ||
 * examine members of the Phylum Platyhelminthes and describe their unifying characteristics
 * describe how platyhelminthes carry out their life functions
 * examine members of the Phylum Nematoda and describe their unifying characteristics
 * describe how nematodes carry out their life functions
 * examine members of the Phylum Annelida and describe their unifying characteristics
 * describe how annelids carry out their life functions
 * describe the physical changes that were necessary for flatwormsand roundworms to become parasitic
 * evaluate the characteristics of a successful parasite
 * describe human disorders that are caused by non-segmented worms (explain the why there would be certain general symptoms, usually nutrient deficiency, fatigue, and pain)
 * classify worms into Phylum Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, or Annelida
 * earthworms, flukes, leeches, planarians, polychaetes, roundworms, tapeworms
 * compare platyhelminthes, nematodes, and annelids with respect to evolutionary changes
 * describe the ecological roles of platyhelminthes, nematodes, and annelids

Mollusca
I can:
 * * bivalves
 * byssal thread (byssus)
 * calcium carbonate
 * carnivore
 * cephalopod
 * chitons
 * cilia
 * detritus feeder || * dioecious
 * filter feeder
 * ganglia
 * gastropod
 * gill
 * herbivore
 * mantle
 * mucus || * muscular foot
 * omnivore
 * radula
 * shell
 * siphon
 * tentacles
 * visceral mass ||
 * examine members of the Phylum Mollusca and describe their unifying characteristics
 * describe how molluscs carry out their life functions
 * identify members of Phylum Mollusca
 * compare how molluscs, echinoderms, and arthropods have evolved to adapt to different niches
 * demonstrate a knowledge of the diverse ecological roles of molluscs, echinoderms, and arthropods

Arthropoda
I can:
 * * abdomen
 * antennae
 * appendage
 * arachnid
 * carapace
 * cephalothorax
 * chitin
 * compound eyes
 * crustaceans
 * dioecious || * exoskeleton
 * ganglia
 * gill
 * head
 * herbivore
 * insects
 * larva
 * Malphghian tubules
 * mandibles
 * metamorphosis || * molt
 * omnivore
 * spiracle
 * thorax
 * tracheal system
 * vector (for disease)
 * wing ||
 * examine members of Phylum Arthropoda and describe their unifying characteristics
 * describe how arthropods carry out their life functions
 * identify members of Phylum Arthropoda
 * compare how molluscs, echinoderms, and arthropods have evolved to adapt to different niches
 * demonstrate a knowledge of the diverse ecological roles of molluscs, echinoderms, and arthropods

Echinodermata
I can:
 * * aboral surface
 * calcium carbonate
 * carnivore
 * detritus feeder
 * dioecious
 * filter feeder || * gills
 * herbivore
 * hermaphrodite
 * larva
 * madreporite
 * nerve ring || * oral surface
 * pentaradial symmetry
 * tube feet
 * water vascular system ||
 * examine members of Phylum Echinodermata and describe their unifying characteristics
 * describe how echinoderms carry out their life functions
 * identify members of Phylum Echinodermata
 * compare how molluscs, echinoderms, and arthropods have evolved to adapt to different niches
 * demonstrate a knowledge of the diverse ecological roles of molluscs, echinoderms, and arthropods

Vertebrates
I can:
 * * Air sacs
 * Ammonia
 * Amniotic egg
 * Amphibian
 * Anterior
 * Appendages
 * Aquatic
 * Arid
 * Atrium
 * Bipedal
 * Bird
 * Bladder
 * Brain
 * Bone
 * Canines
 * Cartilage
 * Cerebellum
 * Cerebrum
 * Cephalization
 * Cloaca || * Dentition
 * Dorsal
 * Double-loop system
 * Ectothermic
 * Endothermic
 * Fin
 * Fish
 * Gill
 * Heart
 * Hindbrain
 * Incisors
 * Insulation
 * Jaw
 * Kidney
 * Larva
 * Limbs
 * Lungs
 * Mammal
 * Marsupial
 * Metamorphosis || * Molars
 * Monotremes
 * Oviparous
 * Ovoviviparous
 * Phylum Chordata
 * Placental mammals
 * Quadruped
 * Reptile
 * Rodent
 * Single-loop system
 * Terrestrial
 * Urea
 * Uric acid
 * Urine
 * Ventricle
 * Vertebral column
 * Viviparous ||
 * examine members of the Subphylum Vertebrata and describe their unifying characteristics
 * compare members of two or more classes of vertebrates
 * describe the adaptions for
 * terrestrial life
 * aquatic life
 * flight
 * diversity of diets
 * compare the vertebrates and invertebrates in terms of increasing complexity, with reference to characteristics including
 * endoskeleton vs. exoskeleton
 * presence or absence of vertebral column
 * closed vs. open circulatory system
 * describe the diverse ecological role of vertebrates

Ecology
I can:
 * * abiotic
 * adaptations
 * autotrophic
 * behavioural
 * biotic
 * carnivore
 * carrying capacity
 * cellular respiration
 * chemical equations
 * climax community
 * commensalism
 * community
 * consumer
 * cyclic growth
 * decomposer
 * density-dependent factors || * density-independent factors
 * detritus
 * ecological niche
 * ecological succession
 * ecosystem
 * emigration
 * energy flow
 * equilibrium
 * exponential growth
 * herbivore
 * heterotrophic
 * immigration
 * logistic growth
 * morphological
 * mortality
 * mutualism || * natality
 * parasitism
 * photosynthesis
 * physiological
 * pioneer species
 * population
 * primary succession
 * producer
 * products
 * pyramid of energy
 * reactants
 * secondary succession
 * steady state
 * symbiosis
 * trophic level ||
 * describe the process of ecological succession, with reference to terms such as pioneer species and climax community
 * explain the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in ecosystems
 * describe a pyramid of energy in terms of energy flow through an ecosystem
 * describe the roles of photosynthesis and cellular respiration within a pyramid of energy
 * compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of the reactants, products, and chemical equations
 * describe the factors affecting population growth
 * describe the stages a population goes through as it increases in size, with reference to terms such as exponential growth, logistic growth, cyclic growth, carrying capacity, steady state
 * describe density-dependent and density-independent factors that limit and control population growth
 * define //symbiosis// and types of symbiosis: //parasitism//, //commensalism//, and //mutualism//
 * relate cause to effect
 * assess human impacts on an ecosystem